Increases in glucocorticoids in response to the Trier Social Stress Test were common for women using hormonal contraceptives
Higher rate of depression seen in first two years of oral contraceptive use compared with never use
Women with hormonal contraception-associated depression have higher risk for postpartum depression than those with non-hormonal contraception-associated depression
Risk lower in women with no psychiatric history and particularly those using ethinylestradiol-containing hormonal contraceptives