However, when accounting for demographic and family-level factors, between-person differences were not significant

No protective associations seen for time outdoors, but protective effects for participation in organized sports

Findings independent of socioeconomic, genetic, and other risk factors

Possible relevant behaviors include infant temperament and developmental milestones at 9 months

Family history, urinary tract infection, parental death, and male sex significantly increase the odds

Caregivers with poorer mental health have higher odds of having children with behavioral issues

Benefits seen for material organization, working memory, and inhibition

Increased risks seen for autism, intellectual disability, ADHD, among others

Psychosocial and socioeconomic risks have interactive effects on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms