Threefold increase seen in unintentional drug overdose death rates from 2003 to 2019, followed by 58 percent increase through 2022

People experiencing homelessness also have increased odds of hospital admission

Increased risks included heart failure, cystitis, glucose dysregulation, iron deficiency anemia, poisoning, self-harm

Survivors also have increases in anxiety, depression symptoms, and reported stress at six months versus baseline

Increases in substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, pain diagnoses, health care use and spending seen in survivors