Risk for anxiety nearly four times higher in those who experienced shocks with implanted devices
47 percent of parents met PTSD cutoff on screening measure; female gender and patient depression linked to PTSD in parents
Likelihood of developing POU increased for those with history of drug abuse, preoperative muscle relaxant or benzodiazepine use
14.5 percent experience new-onset anxiety and 11.3 percent have new-onset depression in two years after implantation