No significant benefits seen for most measures of utilization, quality, outcomes

Review generally revealed low-certainty evidence, particularly for longer-term effects

Both physicians, nurses rank improving nurse staffing as the most needed intervention

Increased risk for suicide seen among registered nurses, health technicians, health care support workers versus non-health care workers

Moral distress emerged from being unable to provide optimal care, seeing pandemic’s effects on patients, coworkers

Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increased as the pandemic wore on in 2020

No significant benefits seen for most measures of utilization, quality, outcomes

Inverse associations with intention to leave seen for increases in supportive leadership behavior, peer support, perceived gratitude

2018 to 2022 saw increase in days of poor mental health and in percentage reporting feeling burnout very often

Associations seen for working on the hospital unit, mood disturbances, and sleep disturbances with depression, anxiety