Opioids are most often the drug class implicated in causing death

Benefits include lower risk for death and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, and depression

Relatives of bereaved in high grief trajectory have increased use of mental health services, antidepressants, sedatives, and anxiolytics

Monthly DOD rate declined by −0.36 per 100,000 from August 2023 to February 2024, accelerating through October 2024

Findings seen for both suicide and overall mortality, with even stronger effects seen in more recent studies

Increased mortality seen in association with longer nap duration, greater intraindividual variability, more naps from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., 1 to 3 p.m.

Since 2020, fatal synthetic opioid-only overdose rates higher than polydrug overdose rates involving synthetic opioids

U.S. mortality rose rapidly in 2020 and 2021, then declined in 2022 and 2023, remaining higher than in 2019

After adjustment for demographic and health variables, hazard ratio was 1.94 for individuals with epilepsy and sleep deprivation

Declines seen across drug classes and for most states