Authors say findings support efforts to improve social isolation, loneliness

Increased hazard ratios seen for all-cause mortality and mortality due to natural and unnatural causes

Diagnosis of bipolar disorder increased odds of mortality more than history of smoking or age 60 years or older

Mortality ratio increased about threefold for pregnant and postpartum women aged 35 to 44 years

Risk for death was found to be exacerbated by comorbidities

Inverse association did not differ with caregiving frequency or when stratified by age, race-ethnicity, depressive symptoms

Increased risk seen for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality, with links consistent across subgroups

Opioid crisis hitting those without college education the hardest

2018 to 2021 saw 41.6 percent increase in firearm death rate; 82.6 percent of deaths were in children aged 15 to 19 years

Cannabis most common illicit drug, but polysubstance use also common