Meta-analysis of three COSMOS substudies shows evidence of benefits on global cognition, episodic memory
Based on moderate-quality evidence, direct association seen for greater intensity of behavioral therapy with efficacy findings
Prevalence of melatonin consumption significantly higher for school-aged children, preteens versus preschool children
Analysis shows most exceed the declared amount of melatonin and cannabidiol and may expose children to very high doses
Risk for self-harm reduced after initiation of melatonin, especially among adolescents with depression/anxiety
Any vitamin D supplement exposure was associated with 40 percent lower dementia incidence
Authors say more research is needed to determine the benefits of supplementation with standard treatment
But evidence suggests that reverse causation may play a role in the links between serum folate deficiency and dementia, all-cause mortality
1999-2000 to 2017-2018 saw increase in reported prevalence of melatonin use across sex and age groups
Small increase in risk for depression or clinically relevant depressive symptoms but no difference in mood scores seen with long-term use