Significant increase seen in prepandemic EMS encounters, followed by immediate, significant increase with pandemic interruption
Men had higher overdose rates for all substances apart from opioids and psychotropics
Authors call for more efforts to screen for and treat co-occurring disorders
Overdose deaths have increased fourfold during the past two decades in the United States
More robust weekly benefit allowance replacement rate linked to fewer fatal overdoses in pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 periods
Mean quoted out-of-pocket cost decreased pre- to post-OTC availability, with higher mean costs at independent pharmacies
No significant reduction seen in opioid overdose deaths with implementation of evidence-based practice strategies