More robust weekly benefit allowance replacement rate linked to fewer fatal overdoses in pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 periods

Mean quoted out-of-pocket cost decreased pre- to post-OTC availability, with higher mean costs at independent pharmacies

No significant reduction seen in opioid overdose deaths with implementation of evidence-based practice strategies

Lower odds of fatal OD seen with filling naloxone prescription, receiving methadone or buprenorphine, receiving behavioral health assessment or crisis services

Experiencing overdose loss linked to greater odds of viewing addiction as an extremely or very important policy issue

Finding seen among Black people with overdose deaths in Pennsylvania versus White people

Declines not spread equally everywhere -- some states experienced another year of increases of fatal ODs